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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Laminin 111 ： ウィキペディア英語版 Laminin 111 One of the first laminin isoforms to be discovered (and named accordingly so) was laminin–1, more accurately denoted as laminin–111.〔Aumailley, M., Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Carter, W. G., Deutzmann, R., Edgar, D., Ekblom, P., & Yurchenco, P. D. (2005). A simplified laminin nomenclature. ''Matrix biology'', 24(5): 326-332.〕 The “111” identifies the isoform's chain composition of α1β1γ1.〔 The distribution of the different laminin isoforms is tissue-specific.〔Durbeej, M. (2010). Laminins. ''Cell and Tissue Research'', 339(1): 259-268.〕 Laminin–111 is predominantly expressed in the embryonic epithelium, but can also be found in some adult epithelium such as the kidney, liver, testis, ovaries, and brain blood vessels.〔〔Ekblom, M., Falk, M., Salmivirta, K., Durbeej, M., & Ekblom, P. (1998). Laminin isoforms and epithelial development. ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', 857(1): 194-211.〕 Different levels of expression of α chains have a large influence on the differential expression of laminin, thereby determining the isoform produced.〔 From studying a mouse model, it was found that transcription factors present in the parietal endoderm regulate the expression of the α1 and large amounts of laminin-111 are produced.〔 The large amounts of synthesized laminin–111 contribute to the formation of Reichert’s membrane, a thick extra-embryonic basement membrane.〔Minler, J.H. and Yurchenco P.D. (2004). Laminin functions in tissue morphogenesis. ''Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology'', 20:255-284.〕 When the laminin α1 chain is deficient in an organism, an embryo dies, likely as a result of a defective Reichert’s membrane due to a lack of laminin–111 being produced.〔 Laminin-111 has been identified as a crucial molecule for development of the embryo as shown by the consequences that occur when laminin-111 is lacking. ==Functions== Laminin-111 is expressed very early on in development and is present in the blastocyst.〔 When various parts of the trimer chains are knocked out by mutations devastating consequences occur in the embryo. If the β1 or γ1 chains of laminin-111 are absent the basement membrane fails to form.〔 Without a basement membrane cells have nowhere to attach and all dependent activities such as cell migration and epithelial formation can no longer occur.〔〔 The self-assembly and tight network formation by laminin-111 are essential for holding the basement membrane together. Although it is expressed abundantly during the early embryonic stage, laminin-111 is mostly absent in adults.〔 The injection of laminin-111, however, helps with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disease in which the connection between the extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton is lost.〔Goudenege, S., Lamarre, Y., Dumont, N., Rousseau, J., Frenette , J., Skuk, D. and Tremblay, J.P. (2010). Laminin-111: A potential therapeutic agent for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ''Molecular Therapy'', 18(12): 2155-2163. doi:10.1038/mt.2010.165.〕〔Rooney, J. E., Gurpur, P. B., & Burkin, D. J. (2009). Laminin-111 protein therapy prevents muscle disease in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', 106(19): 7991-7996.〕 Increased levels of laminin-111 triggered an increase in the expression of α7-integrin receptor and this prevented onset of the disease.〔 Additionally, the presence of laminin-111 increased muscle strength and protected it from injury.〔 When injected with myoblast transplants, laminin–111 decreased degeneration and inflammatory reactions and increased the success of the transplantation.〔 The experiments utilizing laminin–111 as a source of therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy suggest that it has protective qualities in addition to its association with muscle tissue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laminin 111」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.